Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)Ī VSD is a hole in the wall, or septum, between the two bottom chambers or ventricles of the heart. An ASD is an abnormal hole in the septum separating the atria. The right and left sides of the atria and ventricles are separated by a wall or septum. The heart has four chambers, a right and left upper chamber or atruim and a right and left lower chamber or ventricle. This can cause valve leakage or obstruction of blood flow across the valve. Normally, the aortic valve, which separates blood in the left ventricle from blood in the aorta has three flaps or leaflets.īAV is a defect in which the valve has only two leaflets instead of three. HLHS is characterized by underdevelopment or hypoplasia of the left side of the heart such that the heart cannot effectively pump blood to the body. In DORV, the only outlet from the left ventricle is a ventricular septal defect (VSD) or a hole between the right and left ventricles. Normally the pulmonary artery arises form the left ventricle. Double Outlet Right Ventricle (DORV)ĭORV is a defect in which both the aorta and the pulmonary artery arise from the right ventricle. In individuals with TGA, the aorta carries blood low in oxygen and circulates it to the body while the pulmonary artery carries oxygen rich blood back to the lungs. Normally, the aorta carries blood rich in oxygen from the heart to the body, and the pulmonary artery carries blood low in oxygen from the heart to the lungs. TGA is a defect in which the position of the aorta and the pulmonary artery are reversed. Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA) Coarctation of the AortaĪortic coarctation is a defect in which the great vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body, called the aorta, is narrowed. IAA a defect in which the great vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body, called the aorta, is divided into two parts.
Surgical repair is necessary to separate the blood outflow to the body from the blood outflow to the lungs. The truncus arteriosus carries blood to both the body and the lungs. TA is a defect in which a large, single great vessel arises from the ventricular septal defect (VSD).Ī VSD is a hole between the two bottom chambers (ventricles) of the heart. Right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH): The right ventricle has more muscle than normal and may also be dilated.Overriding aorta: The aorta is positioned over the ventricular septal defect VSD instead of in the left ventricle.The degree of stenosis, or narrowing of the vessel, varies among individuals with TOF. Pulmonic stenosis: Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, which is caused by a narrowing at or just below the pulmonary valve. ASD: atrial septal defect, VSD: ventricular septal defect, AVCD: atrioventricular canal defect, TOF: tetralogy of Fallot, CoA: coarctation of aorta, BAV: bicuspid aortic valve, AS: aortic stenosis, HLHS: hypoplastic left heart syndrome, IAA: interrupted aortic arch, PPS: peripheral pulmonary stenosis, PS: pulmonary stenosis, HCMP: hypertrophic c.A ventricular septal defect (VSD): a hole between the two bottom chambers (ventricles) of the heart.Generally, there are four defects of the heart in individuals with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA).This means that the pathway for the blood to leave the heart and circulate to the body or to the lungs is disrupted.
Conotruncal Heart MalformationsĬonotruncal heart defects are structural abnormalities of the cardiac outflow tract. The specific conditions studied include left-sided heart defects and conotruncal defects. This study is looking at many factors that may contribute to birth defects, including genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors. It is part of a larger study called the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS) conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Patients with interrupted aortic arch are evaluated by a geneticist to determine if they have DiGeorge syndrome.This study aims to find the genes that influence susceptibility to congenital heart defects. Patients with DiGeorge syndrome can have cranio-facial, immune and electrolyte abnormalities in addition to their congenital heart disease. Interrupted aortic arch is commonly seen as a result of a genetic chromosomal microdeletion (chromosome 22q11), often referred to as DiGeorge syndrome. The prognosis and treatment for the patient with IAA will be affected by the presence of any associated defects. Interrupted aortic arch usually occurs with other cardiac anomalies, such as ventricular septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus, transposition of the great arteries, aortic stenosis, truncus arteriosus, bicuspid aortic valve, and atrioventricular canal defects. If steps are not taken to keep the Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) open, no oxygen will make its way to the lower body tissues and the patient will go into shock. An infant with this anomaly is usually quite sick immediately after birth.
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